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Needs, Celebrations and Strict Orders 

December 9, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

Always at this time of year we at the Veteran Advocates of Ore-Ida as well as other support organizations in the region, experience a very large increase of veterans and military and their families needing additional support and assistance, not only counseling and financial help but also food and clothing and transportation assistance.  It is these times that prompt us to extend even greater “Thanks” to all of those local individuals and businesses and organizations that have supported our programs of assistance to veterans and their families! So, “Thank You”, your compassion has already assisted many families to enjoy ‘Thanksgiving Dinners’, and many more will be able to have  “Christmas Dinners”, and enjoy having ‘warm clothing’ during this colder season and not have to worry about having their electricity, gas or water service temporarily terminated. Truly, the ‘Magic and Belief’ of the season is alive, and we are very thankful, for everyone benefits!

There are so many stories about the military and veterans during the Christmas season, and many were mentioned these last few weeks during coffee and conversation at the Veteran Advocates office, here are a few.

During Christmas in 1914 during the ‘Great War’ WWI, one very magical incident occurred on the battlefields at Flanders. With the British and French troops watching from their trenches, the German soldiers began placing small Christmas Trees outside of their own trenches and lit the trees with candles. And then the German soldiers began singing familiar Christmas songs and by gosh, the British and French soldiers then joined them in singing. Then some English speaking German soldiers proposed to their British and French counterparts that they start a ‘Christmas Truce’. The message from both sides was “we not fight, you not fight”. British and French troops then began displaying “Merry Christmas” banners and greetings and soon the response from both sides was unbelievable! They left their trenches, exchanged greetings and gifts and buried their dead. They shared their tobacco, their food, newspapers, postcards and other personal items. Then a Scotsman brought out his soccer ball and the game evolved into a regulation soccer match! They used helmets and caps to mark the goals, and the German team won by a score of 3 to 2. The ‘Frontline Truce’ lasted until New Years Day, for the Commanding Officers on both sides ordered a resumption of the killing and fighting, and if that was not obeyed, you would face a ‘court martial.  Soldiers on both sides reluctantly returned to their trenches and guns. Several of the German troops faced a punishment of being sent to the Russian front. Being very aware of this story, Military Commanders during WWII prevented this WWI ‘Christmas Truce’ from happening by issuing strict orders that if that activity happened, they would be severely punished.

This one happened in Korea on December 25, 1952, when a C-47 Kyushu Gypsy cargo plane made several circles over a small isolated Korean Island. Children playing below on the Island would always wave and shout at the American aircraft and the plane would then rock the wings in reply. But this Christmas day all was different, the cargo door opened and from a low altitude the loadmaster pushed out a container with a parachute attached.  This day the container did not drop mail, but instead, over 100 pounds of candy bars!

The pilot, 1st Lt. Don Davis from Natchez, MS, told reporters that they had been collecting candy bars for several months because they wanted to bring a very special Christmas day to all those kids. Attached to every box and bar of candy was a message written in Korean that said: “Merry Christmas from the Kyushu Gypsies”.

“There is no use whatever trying to help people who do not help themselves. You cannot push anyone up a ladder unless he is willing to climb himself.” Andrew Carnegie

or

“We make a living by what we get, we make a life by what we give.” Winston Churchill

From ‘55’ to Afghanistan 

November 25, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

A group of Veterans sitting around the coffee table the other day at Veteran Advocates of Ore-Ida reflected back when 55 MPH was the law of the day. So, do you remember “I Can’t Drive 55”? Yes, it was 1973 and the US plus a major portion of the Western World were in a Major Oil Crisis and ‘Chaos ruled’. And on this very day in 1973 President Richard Nixon announced there would be a “Sunday ban on the sale of gasoline to customers”, and the top speed limit of 55 miles per hour was extended indefinitely, (thus the basis of Sammy Hagar’s hit song “I Can’t Drive 55”).

Our veterans were also very much involved with this ‘crisis’ because of “Operation Nickel Grass” and the events that led up to that operation. (Now I don’t want any of you ‘old-timers’ to confuse this ‘Nickel Grass’ with the cost of an illegal product very popular at that time), for Operation Nickel Grass was a United States Military strategic airlift operation to deliver weapons and supplies to Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The U. S. Air Force shipped over 22,000 tons of Tanks, Artillery, Ammunition and supplies in C-5 Galaxy and C-141 Starlifter transport aircraft to Israel to help ‘hold-off’ attacks by the Soviet-backed Arab Republic of Egypt and Syrian Arab Republic forces. “And why ?” do you ask were we involved in this war? The roots were based in the 1948 formation of the state of Israel when the Arab countries rebelled against the 1947 United Nations Resolution 181, dividing land between Arab and Jewish States. The US desired a Jewish State even though the British (who controlled the area at the time) were against it, and finally the Arab States said ‘enough’ and we are not going to give you any more oil. So Saudi Arabia, Egypt,  Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, and Cuba, all supported by the Soviet Union, attacked Israel.

In May of 1973 gas prices averaged .385 cents per gallon and by the end of the year they were averaging .555 cents per gallon (for those stations that were able to get gas).

Interesting to note the actual first act to control our consumption of gasoline was in 1942 when President Roosevelt ordered a “Nationwide Gasoline Rationing” to begin on December 1, 1942 because of the need of gas for the war effort.

Also on this 25th day of November in 2001, the US Marines were the first ‘major’ use of ground troops to land in Afghanistan. Members of the 15th and 26th Marine Expeditionary Units based in Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton were set down in CH-53 and CH-46 transport helicopters securing an airstrip that was about 12 miles southeast of Kandahar, Afghanistan. Department of Defense spokesmen said there would be additional troops, armored vehicles and supplies dispatched to the Kandahar airstrip within 24 hours.  The Marine Units had been aboard amphibious assault ships in the Arabian Sea where there were a total of about 4,000 troops. Previous to this Marine landing, there had been only a few hundred ‘Special Ops’ forces on the ground advising local rebel militias and harassing Taliban and al Qaeda groups.

Having just celebrated our National Day of Thanksgiving, it is interesting to note that our first Commander-in-Chief, George Washington, on November 26th of 1789, proclaimed that this day was a “National Thanksgiving Day” in honor of the ‘New Constitution’. This date was then later used to set a date for the ‘Thanksgiving’ we are all use to. And that was in 1863 when our Commander-in-Chief and President, Abraham Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday in November as the official day for Thanksgiving celebrations. Then in 1941 to add yet another name to those acknowledging this day of ‘Thanks’, our Commander-in-Chief and President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs a bill ‘officially’ establishing the fourth Thursday in November as ‘Thanksgiving Day’. Just maybe unbeknownst to the preceding three listed Presidents, it was an occasion in 1621 when the Governor of Plymouth, Mr. William Bradford, invited local Indians to join the Pilgrims in a three-day festival to give ‘gratitude’ for the ‘bounty of the season’, and before this event, Colonists set aside a weekday called ‘Lecture Day’ to celebrate post-harvest successes.  Then, yes again, in 1777 our Continental Congress declared the ‘First American Thanksgiving’ following the Patriot victory at Saratoga.

“There’s likely a place in paradise for people who tried hard, but what really matters is succeeding. If that requires you to change, that’s your mission.” Army Gen. Stanley McChrystal.

HONORING OUR NATIONS VETERANS

November 11, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

For most veterans, the idea of serving our country, satisfies our own mind and souls’ desire of fulfilling that sense of “Duty, Honor and Service” to our fellow Countrymen and the “Values” that our Country represents. Most of us would also take up arms at anytime should our Nation again call us for our service. And we as Veterans, respect all those ‘future veterans’, all our men and women that are now serving our Country, that they too may feel the power and inner strength that service to our Nation affords. And I’d say most of us veterans today have a respect and gratitude to all those who have served before us, having built a strong secure foundation of the cost of Patriotism and love of our country.

Some of the earliest references to military and veterans, here in America, were noted in the chronicles of the early colonial settlements, such as Jamestown and the Massachusetts Bay Colony. These dated from the early 1600’s to the American Revolution in 1775. Colonial governments employed ‘full time soldiers’ to patrol between fixed ‘frontier fortifications’ to quell Native American tribes, for the ‘imported British regulars’ were not accustomed to the methods of Indian fighting. There from began the incredible history of the ‘United States Army Rangers’. The Plymouth Colony commissioned Colonel Benjamin Church who at the time was the Captain of the first Ranger Force in America, to form a Ranger Company to engage the Indian inhabitants of New England in the 1675 King Philip’s War. What made Colonel Church attractive for this was his ability to train soldiers in the Native American patterns of war. These Colonial military units hired and/or enrolled nearly all ‘free white men’ as ‘citizen soldiers’, from around 1610 to the 1750’s. Low pay for soldiers reflected the ‘historical reality’ that if you were going to survive you had to serve your community. Also most colonies did not have money to pay their citizens for their service. As a result the average pay for a soldier was about $5.00 a month, and officers about $20.00 a month, and some had to pay for their food and supplies out of their pay. As time progressed there became a more formal contracting in recruiting men to ‘take up arms’ and fight for their Country, some promised pay for periods of time and some promised parcels of land for their time served. There were some colonies that did arrange and offer financial assistance for ‘veterans disabled during conflict’ and this began in Virginia around the 1620’s.

Because of the many desertions from our Continental Army, Congress, in 1776, enacted the “National Pension Law” act that provided ½ pay for life for disabled veterans, and ensuing acts that covered pensions, bonuses and widow eligibility. This was a plan for veterans that was derived from the plan the British Parliament enacted for its’ veterans in 1592, which provided medical care and disabled veteran assistance and ‘bonuses’ for those soldiers actively serving.

Before WWI, a soldiers military service bonus was land and money, ex: a Continental Army private received 100 acres and $80.00, while a Major General received 1,100 acres and approximately $200.00. An amazing 73.5 Million acres had been issued to veterans through this program by 1860! This system was somehow stopped when Spanish-American War veterans did not receive a bonus until after WWI when they each got only $60.00. This didn’t go over too well and Pres Calvin Coolidge vetoed a bill in 1924 saying:” Patriotism, bought and paid for is not patriotism”. Congress overrode his veto and enacted the ‘World War Adjusted Compensation Act’ where each veteran received a dollar for each day of domestic service served (to a $500.00 max) and a $1.25 for each day of overseas service (to a $625.00 max). The catch was that cash was immediately paid up to $50.00 and all other amounts were issued ‘certificates of Service’ maturing in 20 years!!. Well, those certificates totaled up to over $3.5 Billion Dollars, and that’s when the ‘the walls started tumbling down’, and “Pay the Bonus Army” became a public outcry and was devastating to all!

As of 2017 the approximate count of US Veterans is 18.2 million. Oregon is home to approximately 276,000, Idaho 111,000, Nevada 201,000, Washington 523,000.

“The willingness with which our young people are likely to serve in any war, no matter how justified, shall be directly proportional to how they perceive the Veterans of earlier wars were treated and appreciated by their nation.” President George Washington – 1732/1799

GULF WAR SYNDROME AND THE BURN PITS

October 28, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

Since the last ‘Veterans Corner’ article dealing with Agent Orange, I have had quite a few inquiries from veterans and their relatives, about “what is happening with the VA on ‘Gulf War Syndrome’ and the ‘Burn Pits”.  For those of you unfamiliar with these terms, they are names that identify ‘mental and physical disorders’ amongst our military veterans who served while deployed to the Gulf Wars from 1990/91 through today. 

According to reports from the US National Academy of Sciences and the US Department of Veteran Affairs, of the 700,000 US Military that served during the Gulf War/Operation Desert Storm, there are now over 250,000 that (even over 20 years after) suffer from the ‘symptoms’ associated with Gulf War Syndrome. These figures are also comparative to those military veterans from our coalition partners, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Denmark who also served ‘in-country’ at the same times.

Symptoms of ‘Gulf War Syndrome’ include the following: Terminal Tumors, Birth Defects, Neurological problems, Memory problems, Fatigue, Skin conditions, Muscle/joint pain, Respiratory problems, Gastro-intestinal problems, Headaches, and PTSD among others.

The US Congress ‘mandated’ the VA and NAS to continue to provide reports on what have been the probable causes of these symptoms/conditions, and the general consensus has been linked to exposure to ‘neurotoxins’. Sources of these include:  1-‘Depleted uranium’ which was widely used in tank kinetic energy penetrator and ‘autocannon rounds. 2- ‘Pyridostigmine Bromide Pills’, which were pills taken to protect our troops against exposure to nerve gas agents such as ‘Sarin and Soman’. 3-‘Organophosphate poisoning’ which caused the destruction of ‘neurons’ in the central nervous system, and was widely used in insect repellents which were distributed to decrease pest-borne diseases. 4- ‘Anthrax Vaccine’, used to vaccinate troops from anthrax that Iraq loaded into many of their artillery shells. 5- Direct contact with Sarin and Soman nerve gas. 6- All the continuing ‘Oil well Fires’. 

In May of 2018 a Department of Defense publication noted that “research suggests that the ‘Gulf War Illness’ symptomology experienced by Veterans has not improved over the last 25 years”. “The effect that aging will have on this unique and vulnerable population remains a matter of significant concern, and population-based research to obtain a better understanding of mortality, morbitity, and symptomology over time is needed.”The VA refers to all these Gulf War symptoms as “Chronic Multisymptom Illness” and “Undiagnosed Illnesses”, and presumes that certain chronic, unexplained symptoms existing for 6 months or more are related to Gulf War service without regard to cause. The “presumptive” illness must have appeared during ‘active duty’ in the Southwest Asia Theater of military operations, or by December 31, 2021, and to be at least 10 % disabling. For a list of “Presumptive Service Connected Disability Benefits” please copy and paste the following in the web search bar, then scroll down to section that pertains to you:

https://benefits.va.gov/BENEFITS/factsheets/serviceconnected/presumption.pdf, and for information about Gulf War ‘Eligibility Requirements and Compensation’ log onto the following link for the VA:

https://benefits.va.gov/compensation/claims-postservice-gulfwar.asp .

I would like you to know my gratitude, being a Vietnam War veteran, for all the positive actions the VA is doing for us, however it is the ‘delay and constant research’ that the VA does in determining just ‘what is or is not’ acceptable, that undermines the desperate conditions so many of our War Vets have. Those delaying tactics contribute to seeing too much more suffering and crippling and even death, from those impacted by “War produced” illnesses. When our country sends us into war, those of us who ‘volunteered’ to fight for our Freedoms should be covered by the “cost of conflict that has to include covering the damage & wounds to our men and women in service by supporting their claims of damage suffered”.

I have not here been able to address those impacted by the “Burn Pits”, because I found those ‘symptoms’ to be too extensive to elaborate in this article, therefore I will address this at a future date.

“The soldier above all others prays for peace, for it is the soldier who must suffer and bear the deepest wounds and scars of war.” General Douglas MacArthur

Agent Orange Awareness Month 

October 14, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

October has been designated as a month to become more aware and informed about ‘Agent Orange’, its’ development, history and use as a defoliant and a product used in chemical warfare and thus its’ long term effect on the human body.

Most of you are aware of Agent Orange through its’ use during the Vietnam War, and the devastation it caused to thousands of US Troops stationed there and also thousands of civilians living in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, and the millions of acres of agriculture and forests that were destroyed, defoliated.

It is estimated the between 1962 and 1971 there were approximately 20, 000,000 (that’s million) gallons of Dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), chemicals, herbicides and defoliants sprayed over that region! He__ its’ no wonder so many of our troops and area civilians died and or became infected with cancer, birth defects, skin diseases, infected lungs etc, etc, and continued having these problems because of that lingering contamination and food sources growing in that contaminated soil. These DLCs are chemical compounds that are ‘highly toxic’ POPs, that meaning ‘environmental persistent organic pollutants’ that cause major health problems to individuals who were exposed.

Seems that Britain was the first nation to use ‘herbicides’ to destroy food crops and natural tree and bush and undergrowth, which was used as cover for the opposing forces. For during WWII, the British and us Americans were attempting to develop ‘herbicidal weapons’ for use during the war. As a result two phenoxy herbicides were discovered, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D, which when both of those are put together in equal parts, one then has created ‘Agent Orange’. The British started using this Agent Orange during the ‘Malayan Emergency Conflict’ in the mid to late 1940’s, after which in 1960 our US Secretary of State Dean Rusk advised President Kennedy that the British had established a ‘precedent for warfare with herbicides’.

Then in late 1961 the South Vietnamese President, Ngo Dinh Diem, asked the United States to conduct aerial herbicide spraying in his country. This started a rather heated ‘policy’ debate in Washington DC, and ended in November of 1961 by approving our (US) herbicide spraying program named ‘Operation Ranch Hand’. As the British did in Malaya, the goal of the US was to defoliate the land thus depriving the guerrillas of food and concealment and clearing sensitive areas around our (US) base perimeters. The other goals of the program was ’forced draft urbanization’, which aimed to destroy the ability of peasants to support themselves, forcing them to flee to the US dominated cities thus depriving the guerrillas of their rural support base. 

Agent Orange was most usually sprayed from helicopters or low-flying C-123 Provider aircraft, though they were also conducting ‘spray-runs’ from trucks, boats and backpack sprayers. The first batches of Agent Orange were unloaded at Tan Son Nhut Air Base in January 1962. The Air Force ‘Official’ record shows at least 6,542 spraying missions during ‘Operation Ranch Hand’. And by 1971, 12 % of South Vietnams’ land had been sprayed with defoliating chemicals.

Many veterans in our immediate area of Eastern Oregon/Western Idaho, have had ‘in country’ exposure to Agent Orange while serving in/around Vietnam. Many of you still have not checked with the VA regarding the many diseases that the VA acknowledges are associated with Agent Orange. For a complete list of these diseases and evidence needed for the VA to consider these potential claims, log onto this VA site: www.benefits.va.govthen search Agent Orange. - or you can visit your County Veteran Service Officer. Malheur County Mr. Connie Tanaka, 541-889-6649: Payette County Ms. Marcia Morgensen 208-642-6000 Ext 116. The VA also has an Agent Orange help line, 1-800-749-8387 and an email address: GW/AOHelpline@vba.va.gov

We pretended there was no problem with Agent Orange after Vietnam and later the Pentagon recanted, after untold suffering by Veterans. – Jim McDermott

CELEBRATING THE NAUTILUS

September 30, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

On this very day in 1954, the first ever nuclear powered submarine was commissioned. This was not however the first submarine to be named ‘Nautilus’, for in 1870 Captain Nemo commanded his “Nautilus’ in Jules Verne’s classic science fiction novel ‘Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea’, and during WWII the Navys’ third vessel named USS Nautilus (SF-9/SS-168) was a Narwhal-class submarine commissioned on July 1, 1930 and commanded by Lt. Cmdr. Thomas Doyle, Jr.

The first of the US Navy ships named ‘Nautilus’ was a Schooner that launched in 1799 and the Navy bought for $16,763.00 in 1803, also the date she was commissioned (and renamed USS Nautilus). She was captured by the Royal Navy in July of 1812. The ‘second’ ship named ‘Nautilus’ was a 76 ft schooner commissioned into the Navy in 1847 for service in the Mexican-American War and commanded by Lt. G. M. Bache, and then was returned to the Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Captain Hyman Rickover had the idea of a nuclear Navy, and guided the project from 1951 when Congress authorized the construction of a nuclear-powered submarine, and Capt. Rickover became known as the “Father of the Nuclear Navy”. It was on Dec 12, 1951 that the Navy Department announced that the submarine would be the 4th vessel to be called “Nautilus”, and her 1st Commanding Officer, Cmdr. Eugene P. Wilkinson, ordered “all lines cast off, Underway on Nuclear Power” on January 17, 1955.

It is interesting to note the ‘regional connection’ that the Nautilus has, for the first actual prototype was constructed and tested by the ‘Argonne National Laboratory’ in 1953 at the S1W facility which is part of the ‘National Reactor Testing Station’ in Idaho Falls, Idaho. (The Idaho National Laboratory is really quite large at about 890 sq. miles and was established in 1949 to research nuclear energy).

The Nautilus had a length of 320 ft., a speed of 23kn, 6 torpedo tubes and a compliment of 13 officers and 92 enlisted, and was decommissioned on March 3, 1980.  The ‘Nautilus’ is also listed as a ‘National Historic Landmark’. After some ‘conversion’ work was performed at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in 1984, under the command of Capt. John Almon, she was towed back to Groton, Conn. In July 1985, and in 1986 became a public attraction at the ‘Submarine Force Library and Museum’, serving as a museum of submarine history which is operated by the ‘Naval History and Heritage Command’.

For the many of you that are interested in military history and studies, there is in our region the ‘Puget Sound Navy Museum’ in Bremerton, Washington, and it too is managed by the ‘Naval History and Heritage Command’. The ‘Puget Sound Navy Museum’ is located at 251 First St, Bremerton, WA 98337 by the Washington State Ferries Terminal at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard/Bremerton Annex of Naval Base Kitsap. They are open 10am to 4pm but are closed Tuesdays, and the admission is free. Featured now is an exhibit of Naval photographer John H. Steen who was stationed at Bremerton from 1903, and chronicles the early twentieth century life of the shipyard and its’ sailors. There is also an exhibit and artifacts of the ‘special operations submarines’, USS Jimmy Carter, USS Connecticut, USS Seawolf, USS Michigan and USS Ohio that were all ‘homeported there in Bremerton. There is also a ‘research library’ for those folks interested in Naval History and a Museum Curator to assist you. Check out their website at: www.pugetsoundnavymuseum.orgor call 360-479-7447 for more information. You will really enjoy your visit to this ‘Puget Sound Navy Museum’.

As a side note: Oregon has more ties to the U.S. Navy than one might think. Oregon’s state colors are Navy blue and gold! I will talk more about Oregon and our Navy in other articles.

“Sit down before fact, with an open mind. Be prepared to give up every preconceived notion. Follow humbly wherever, and to whatever abyss nature leads, or, you learn nothing. Don’t push out figures when facts are going in the opposite direction.” Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, US Navy

Our National Guard and War

September 16, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

Many very interesting ‘movements of people’ happened on this very day September 16, and they all were focused on or in this country. First, in 1620, 102 people set sail from Plymouth England to ‘the New World’. Second, in 1776 during the American War for Independence, in what is now ‘Morningside Heights’ in New York City, the ‘Battle of Harlem Heights was fought during the New York and New Jersey campaign. Third, in 1893, the largest ‘Land Run’ in history begins with more than 100,000 people converging into Oklahoma to grab land that had belonged to the Native Americans.

Also of note on this day is perhaps the earliest ‘terrorist attack’, in 1920 in the New York City Financial district (though the investigation that ensued failed to uncover the cause or perpetrator and is still ‘unsolved’), 300 people were killed and over 100 more wounded in a blast from a explosives laden horse drawn wagon, that shot up nearly six stories high. 

Under authority of the US Congress, on September 16, 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt orders the Army to begin ‘mobilizing’ the entire National Guard for at least one year of training, to prepare for action prompted by the worsening conditions in Europe.

Starting with the 1620 Mayflower sailing, of the 102 passengers, 35 were members of the ‘radical’ English Separatist Church traveling to America to escape the jurisdiction of the Church of England, and were following their brothers and sisters who about 10 years earlier emigrated to Jamestown, Virginia because they were promised sizable shares of the colony’s profits. The balance of the passengers were ‘Entrepreneurs’ who were enlisted by the London Stock Company to ensure the success of the enterprise in the new America. Anyway, the Mayflower was forced off course due to storms and landed at the tip of Cape Cod in what is now Massachusetts and founded the first permanent settlement in New England. 

The 1776 ‘Battle of Harlem Heights’ (also called the New York & New Jersey campaign) had Commander-in-Chief George Washington commanding 1,800 Continental Army soldiers along with Generals Greene and Putnam. They held a high ground position in upper Manhattan against a British force of about 5,000 soldiers under command of Major Alexander Leslie. The British troops made a rather tactical error by having their buglers sound a fox hunting call “Gone away” while in pursuit (the bugle call means that the fox is in full flight from the hounds on the trail). And it was intended to insult General Washington (who was an avid fox hunter), but backfired, for the Continental Army then ‘stood their ground’ and flanked the British and pushed them back. The British withdrew then and headquartered in Westchester County. This victory for the Continental Army was a great boost to morale, for they had suffered some substantial losses. 

With a single shot from a pistol on this September day in 1893, thousands of pioneers on foot, on horseback, on a mule, in carriages and in wagons, fought to be the first to stake their claims on the best lands that lay ahead, lands that were inhabited by our Native American Tribes. The Indians were promised these lands for “as long as the grass grows and the water runs”. However, pressure steadily mounted to open those lands for settlement and subsequently there were many ‘land runs/grabs’ by immigrants during the 1890’s.

Because the Nazi armies had occupied most of western Europe by 1940, President Roosevelt and Congress on this day in 1940, directed over 240,000 National Guard men to become regular Army personnel. They reported to Forts located all across the country to augment the 190,000 men already trained or training for possible deployment to Europe. These actions were on the heels of the newly enacted ‘conscription laws’ enacted by congress.

Regarding my quote below: think about it on a National/State terms but also closer to home on our local level. 

“We must especially beware of that small group of selfish men who would clip the wings of the American Eagle in order to feather their own nests.” Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) State of the Union Address Jan. 9, 1941

Last Draftee in the Vietnam War

September 2, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

The date was September 2, 1945, (73 years ago today) and in just a matter of hours after the formal surrender of Japan on the USS Missouri, an ‘ominous’ event took place back in Hanoi’s Ba Dinh Square, Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, paraphrasing our own Declaration of Independence, declared in a speech to a huge crowd that “All men are born equal: the Creator has given us inviolable rights, life, liberty, and happiness!”.  As Japanese forces withdrew from Vietnam in 1945, Ho Chi Minh’s forces known as the ‘Viet Minh’, (which he organized after being expelled from China in 1941), seized the northern city of Hanoi and declared a Democratic State of Vietnam (more commonly known as ‘North Vietnam’), and of course was named President.  At this same time the French military troops took control of Saigon and the southern regions of Vietnam while Chiang Kai-Shek’s Chinese forces moved into North Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh then took up negotiating with the French to get 2 things: 1st, the Chinese out of North Vietnam and 2nd, to get France to recognize a Vietnam independence and reunify the North and South Vietnams’. However for one reason or another, in 1946 a French Cruiser opened fire on the town of Haiphong and eventually war broke out in December of that year. Armed conflict between the North and South Vietnams’ was continuous through 1956 when the United States became more strongly present in South Vietnam with economic aid and then in 1961 with the addition of military troops. U. S. air strikes to North Vietnam began in 1965-1966.

I suppose an ‘irony’ of this accounting from Ho Chi Minh’s Hanoi speech on September 2, 1945, is that he also died on September 2, in 1969, from a heart attack in Hanoi. The Vietnam War ended on April 30, 1975, though all US Forces personnel were reportedly withdrawn by March 1973.

Now this is about 30 years after the official ending of WWII, and within that time, the ‘American Conscience’ has shifted immensely in many aspects, one of which was the idea of ‘Conscription’ (military draft).  There had been a huge ‘anti-war, anti-draft’ movement in the U. S. which turned a great percentage of our citizens against everything military including the people in the military. Even Nixon’s 1968 presidential election, campaigned to end the draft, but that wouldn’t happen until December of 1972 which saw the last men conscripted who were born in 1952 and reported for duty in June of 1973. Also in early 1973 Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announced that ‘no further draft notices would be issued’.

(Of special note, Jeff Mellinger is believed to have been the last drafted enlisted ranked soldier, drafted in 1972, and actually retired in 2011 as a Command Sergeant Major!!  And the last Vietnam War –era soldier drafted of Warrant Officer rank, Chief Warrant Officer5, Ralph Rigby, retired after a 42-year career in November of 2014. Thanks guys for your service to our great Country!!).

To many, the idea that we as a collective American society, have been relegating the Defense of our Democracy to an ‘All Volunteer’ force, weakens and diminishes our ‘moral responsibility’ to equally contribute to its’ preservation. This attitude has also diminished our respect for those who do volunteer, through, if for no other reason than, the number of times we have committed our men and women into harms way and conflicts (since abolishing the draft) to the number of times we committed them into ‘harms way’ and conflicts when the draft was active. Since using an all-volunteer force for over 40 years, we committed our men and women 134 times; the 40 years before that, with the draft, we committed our men and women 24 times. So also, as Dr. Mike Haynie, a veteran and Ex. Director of the Institute for Veterans and Military Families at Syracuse University relates in his TEDx talks, the ‘Moral Outrage’ is that we have made it too easy to leverage ‘Military Conflict’ as not only an instrument of public policy, but that now that ‘policy’ and practice runs counter to the idea that ‘war is to be avoided at all costs’.

“A nation, as a society, forms a moral person, and every member of it is personally responsible for his society”. Thomas Jefferson (1792)

Our State Veteran Services and a Growing VA 

August 19, 2018 Veterans Corner Article by Ronald Verini

With the appointment of, yet again, another Secretary of Veteran Affairs, the conversations around the ‘coffee table’ lately have been on just how does one really identify the problem sources of this Agency and then proceed to fix them, especially when your dealing with an entity that has an Annual Budget of over $180 Billion dollars! Lets face it, in our country today, with the amount of just individual and corporate ‘Bankruptcies’, credit insolvencies, high debt and lack of cash flow (that we all periodically experience, and that’s with an average Family Household budget of about $80,000.00 a year), who has the ability to totally manage and control an operation that has a proposed 2019 operating budget of $198.6 Billion dollars, with around 380,000 employees and operates the largest ‘health care system’ in the U.S.? Well, we didn’t know of any one person that can manage that alone. Now in the U. S. there are a few corporations (not government agencies) that have ‘Annual Revenues’ about the same as the operating budget of the VA, and those are Berkshire Hathaway at about $224 Billion, Apple at about $215 Billion and Exxon Mobil at about $200 Billion, and their ‘operating budgets’ will ‘generally’ reflect a figure of about 10 to 20% of revenue.  They are ‘for-profit’ and certainly have the flexibility in management that our government does not have. 

So what all does that budget cover and pay for? There are (from VA figures) a minimum of 9 million veterans that each year are served by the Department of Veteran Affairs. To serve those 9 million veterans, and their families, there are over 1,700 Health Care hospitals, clinics, community living centers and homes, prescriptions and pharmacies, and counseling centers in the US. In regards to ‘Benefits’, the VA administers compensation, pension, Education, training, vocational rehabilitation, home loans and life insurance. The VA also offers Burial and Memorial assistance, for there are over 125 national cemeteries and the assistance with Headstones, Markers and Medallions. Also provided and available are employment centers, Homeless veteran resources and facilities, surviving spouses and dependents assistance.

I have here mentioned a few of the VA facilities located in Oregon: Portland VA Medical Center, www.portland.va.gov; Roseburg VA Health Care System, www.roseburg.va.gov; VA Southern Oregon Rehab Center, www.southernoregon.va.gov. Outpatient clinics are located in Burns, 541-573-3339: Newport, 541-265-4182: The Dalles, 541-296-3937: and West Linn, 503-210-4900.  Community Based Outpatient Clinics in Eastern Oregon: Bend, 541-647-5200: Boardman, 541-481-2255: Enterprise, 541-426-0219: La Grande, 541-963-0627.

The following are locations in Idaho State of the VA facilities: Boise VA Medical Center, www.boise.va.govand phone is 208-422-1000: Community Based Outpatient Clinics: Caldwell, 208-454-4820, located at 4521 Jefferson St, Caldwell, Id 83605: Lewiston, 208-746-7784, located at 1630 23rd Ave, Bldg. #2, Lewiston, Id 83501.

The State of Idaho and the State of Oregon also have State Departments of ‘Veteran Services’, and the Idaho Division is located at 351 N. Collins Rd, Boise, Idaho 83702, and their phone is 208-780-1300: www.veterans.idaho.govhere you can find access to Veterans Advocacy, Veterans Homes, Benefits, Services and Resources.

The Oregon State Department of Veteran Affairs is located at 700 Summer St. NE, Salem, Or 97301, and their phone is 503-373-2085: www.oregon.gov/odvaand here you can find listings for the Oregon Veteran Service Offices in each County, information on Benefits, Programs, Resources, Home Loans, State Veterans Homes, etc. For those of you in Malheur County Oregon you will contact Mr. Connie Tanaka (retired Army) 541-889-6649, located at 316 Goodfellow St. Suite #4, Ontario, Or 97914. In Baker County Oregon contact VSO, Mr. Rick Cloria, 541-523-8223, located at County Courthouse, 1995 Third St, Baker City, Or 97814.

“Facts are stubborn things: and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.” John Adams, served as the 1st Vice President and the 2nd President of the United States 1797-1801

Sometimes You Don’t Know the Outcome?

August 5, 2018 Veterans Corner by Ronald Verini

On this very day, August 5, 1917, the entire membership of the National Guard was drafted into federal service to be sent off to fight in Europe for World War I. Interesting because lately around the ‘coffee and conversation’ table, the subject of the ‘draft’ has been coming up a lot, especially since I was appointed to serve on the local Selective Service Board of the State of Oregon.

After War was declared in April of 1917 President Wilson called all National Guard Units into federal service under the ‘Militia clause’ of the US Constitution. It is ‘Article 1, section 8, clause 15 of the US Constitution that enables the shifting from States’ power to Federal power: “Congress shall have the power… to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress.”

Most of these units mobilized at their local armories or in State military camps, and they began actively recruiting up to full wartime strength while conducting local patrols to defend against suspected German Saboteurs. However to circumvent any potential legal encumbrance, the Army’s Judge Advocate General determined it necessary to ‘draft’ each guardsman into federal service, thus freeing him up for overseas service. And on this very day in 1917, just over 379,000 Guardsmen were drafted. The size of our military force during WWI would top out at over 4 million, though the brunt of the fighting in the trenches was borne by the drafted Guardsmen (12 0f the 29 divisions that saw combat were from the Guard). There were 116,000 that died in service, and 204,000 wounded.

There were 9.7 Million soldiers killed in WWI, due to the unprecedented firepower brought to the battlefield, as a result WWI Troops were the first to be diagnosed with “Shell Shock”. The term “Shell Shock” first appeared in a British Medical Journal in 1915 just 6 months after the beginning of the war. The symptoms of 3 different soldiers each exposed to exploding shells were remarkably similar and so very similar to today’s definitions of PTSD.

The overall treatment of all veterans returning from WWI was more than grim. Veterans had put their lives on the line for their country, but most generally were treated as less than citizens upon their return home. Soldiers were provided a discharge allowance of $60 at the end of the war. The “War Risk Insurance Act Amendments of 2017” established rehabilitation and vocational training for veterans with dismemberment, sight, hearing and other permanent disabilities.

Those who returned home in the 1920’s petitioned Congress for some sort of compensation for lost wages, and Congress answered with certificates (or Bonuses) for payments that were not payable until 1945. Figure that one out!!? Interimly there was the great depression and in 1932 the WWI Vets marched on Washington demanding cash payments. There were somewhere between 25,000 to 40,000 veterans participating in the march and encampments, which became known as the “Bonus Expeditionary Forces”. Hoover was President and did all he could to roust and remove the veterans from lobbying for compensation. It was very ugly, the vets were attacked with tear gas, rifle fire, bayonets, machine guns, tanks. MacArthur, Eisenhower and Patton all tried to perform damage control, but Hoover was not moving. As a result Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected the next President by a landslide!! He then established the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) which created over 25,000 jobs for Veterans and other Americans. A note: in 1936 Congress authorized early payments of the bonuses and by June 1937 the VA had certified as ‘paid’ about 3.5 million applications from WWI veterans for settlement of their certificates.

Speaking to the veterans camping and demonstrating in Washington DC: “I never saw such fine Americanism as exhibited by you people. You have just as much right to have a lobby here as any steel corporation. Makes me so damn mad, a whole lot of people speak of you as tramps. By God, they didn’t speak of you as tramps in 1917 and 18.” Retired Marine Corps General Smedley Butler

Celebrate Our VA’s Birthday

July 22, 2018 Veterans Corner by Ronald Verini

This weekend marks the 88th Birthday of the Veterans Administration. Actually had no idea about this until a young active duty soldier and his wife, asked me a few weeks ago, about what the veterans that are having these many conversations I talk about, really think about the assistance they get from the VA. Well of course each veteran has their own opinion of the care and service they get from the VA, and those opinions range from “absolutely excellent” to “not worth a tinkers d___”. The young couples concern of course was asked because they are planning a career in the military and having a family and really wanted to know ‘first-hand’ about what kind of benefits and assistance a veteran can count on, or really gets. So first some facts.

Money does not alone solve all the problems, point being that many veterans that come into the office are inquiring about their ‘Agent Orange’ problems and why they cannot get any help, also the new ‘Choice Program’ is really supposed to help those who live in rural or removed areas from a VA facility and cannot yet get proper service, etc, etc. I am saying that ‘money doesn’t always work’ because one would think that from the VA’s 2016 Fiscal Year Budget of over $270.0 Billion, problems would be addressed, and on top of that overwhelming figure the ‘long-term actuarial liability (estimating future payments for veterans and their families) is $2.4 Trillion for compensation, $59.0 Billion for education, and $4.6 Billion for burial benefits to name just a few. A look back at the start of this ‘assistance for veterans’ is a good way to see how  encouraging enlistments and compensating those who ‘defended’ us got started and grew really fast. In 1636 the Plymouth Colony provided pensions for those who became disabled through battle in defending us and the other colonies followed suit. In 1776 our Continental Congress wanted to encourage folks to enlist and put a stop to those that were deserting by passing a ‘Pensions Law’ which granted a soldier/veteran half pay for life in the case of loss of a limb or a serious disability, but the individual States were responsible to make these payments. Each State varied on their promise, so ‘grants of public land’ were made to those that served until the Revolutionary War ended. Then in 1789 Congress the payment of veterans benefits. By the early 1800’s all veterans programs were administered by the ‘Bureau of Pensions’ under the command of the Secretary of War. By the War of 1812 benefits to dependents and survivors were extended. By 1818 the new ‘Service Pension Law’ provided that whoever needed assistance that had served in the War for Independence would receive a ‘fixed pension’ for life, which was $20 a month for Officers and $8 a month for enlisted. As a result the number of pensioners increased from 2,200 to 17,730.

Then the ‘Bureau of Pensions’ was assigned to the Department of the Interior, along with ½ pay pensions to widows and orphan children until age 16. So, by the end of the Civil War another 1.9 million veterans were added to the pension roll (though Confederate soldiers received no benefits until 1958). Then in 1862 the ‘General Pension Act’ included diseases, and through the ‘Homestead Act’ offered western land at $1.25 an acre, and also established a Cemetery and provided burial. The 1st National effort to provide ongoing ‘Medical Care’ started in Philadelphia in 1812 and then in the 1850’s a ‘Soldiers’ home’ and a hospital in Washington D.C. From President Lincolns’ 2nd Inaugural Address, the VA Motto was adopted “to care for him who shall have borne the battle for his widow, and his orphan”. Jumping forward it was July 21, 1930 that the ‘Veterans’ Administration’ was established when Congress authorized President Herbert Hoover to “consolidate and coordinate Government activities affecting war veterans”.

“Wars may be fought with weapons, but they are won by men. It is the spirit of the men who follow and of the man who leads that gains the victory.” George S. Patton

Our Beginning as a Country

July 8, 2018 Veterans Corner by Ronald Verini

Certainly hope that everybody had a safe and meaningful Independence Day, and also hope that you all took some time to reflect on the reasons that we celebrate our ‘Independence” as a Nation and as a people.  On many occasions over this past few weeks talk around the ‘coffee table’ and conversations with friends have been very strong about the importance of how we became a ‘free nation’, and about how we must do all we can to preserve our ‘Constitution’ and its founding values which afford us the ‘Liberties’ and ‘Justice’ that define our great country.

What ‘IS’ important about this “National Day” here in the good ‘ol USA, is not the actual day we celebrate this occasion, but the meaning and why we celebrate our “Independence”.

During the American Revolution (that actually was a revolt of the American Colonies against Great Britain) which started with the end of the ‘Seven Years War’ in 1763 until the ‘Shays’ Rebellion’ and ‘Continental Convention’ of 1787, the actual legal separation (The Independence) of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain, occurred on July 2, 1776. That is the date when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a ‘resolution of independence’, which was brought forth in June by Virginias representative, Richard Henry Lee.

Interesting to note that John Adams who served as Vice President to George Washington and was also elected as our 2nd President, wrote a letter to his wife Abigail the day after the Second Continental Congress (which included himself) voted to approve the ‘resolution of independence’. The letter is quoted here making his prediction off by two days: “The second day of July 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more”.  

After the vote on Richard Henry Lees’ resolution, the Congress then took two days to compose the ‘Declaration of Independence’ and after a few revisions it was approved on July 4th 1776.

In 1781 the Massachusetts General Court became the first State Legislature to recognize July 4th as a State celebration, and has been a federal holiday since 1870 and in 1941 became a ‘paid’ holiday for all federal employees.

Now some folks are of the belief that Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States are pretty much the same thing. Well this is really not so.  After we drew up the Declaration of Independence, we realized that because we were no longer governed or reliant upon Great Britain we had to formulate just how we would manage governing ourselves, and that’s just what the Constitution of the United States does. It establishes our national government and the fundamental laws to keep it on track besides it tells us that we as citizens of this country have certain basic rights. It also recognizes that by gosh the member States in this country need to be able to have some form of their own government and laws and power, and that’s just some of the stuff the Constitution does.  Probably the most popular and well-known part of this constitution is the first 10 amendments, which became known as the ‘Bill of Rights’. The first three “Articles” of the constitution establish the branches of the Federal Government and describes just what powers they have. The Constitution was created in 1787, ratified in 1788 and made effective in 1789, just 13 years after we fought for and won our Independence. 

“May the foundation of our new constitution be Justice, Truth and Righteousness. Like the wise man’s house may it be founded upon those rocks, and then neither storms or tempests will overthrow it.” Letter from Abigail Adams to her husband John Adams, just days after approving the ‘Declaration of Independence’.

 PAINTBALL WEAPON AND OUR MILITARY

June 24, 2018 Veterans Corner by Ronald Verini

Had quite a few local and area youngsters and young adults asking many questions about military service and which branch is best and what the jobs are like and what kind of pay do you get and what are the benefits that go with the job. Well to answer most of your questions it is always good to go online or call the recruiters for each branch of service you’re interested in, and I will give you young men and women a little bit of information that is readily available but keep in mind that things can change sometimes surprisingly and quickly when it comes to military service.

I was really impressed with about 95% of you starting your questions with “I feel it is important to serve my Country”, just wanting to know what is the best service to join.  All the branches have the traditional “Basic Training” which gives you about 3 months of how to transition from a ‘civilian lifestyle to a military lifestyle’.  Basic training generally gives you tactical and survival skills and gets you into a better physical and mental frame- work and strives to develop ‘teamwork’.

Important to remember that just about each branch of the military has some kind of training and jobs that you are interested in or would like to really learn more about. Jobs such as ‘STEM Careers, specialized careers, such as Cyber technology, Health care, Special Forces, Linguistics, Music, Chaplain Corps and Law, and Public Affairs.  You all will get training in what is called your “MOS” for Marines and Coast Guard, “MOSC” for Army, “NEC” for Navy and “AFSC” for Air Force. You also will have the ability to become a candidate for a Commissioned or Non-Commissioned Officer Training.

There are several ‘Benefits’ that military service provides. Basic pay (for an Army Private = E1) after about two years experience is around $19,600.00 plus, you also get a place to live, food, healthcare, education. When you work up to an E5 = Sergeant, pay is about $28,000.00. All branches of the military are always interested in good, dedicated men and women, so if you are really interested in serving our country in the U. S. Military, please check it out!

Lots of talk lately on the Korean situation and especially the termination of military exercises and the possible withdrawal our military in S. Korea. It is unanimous however that everybody is hopeful that the nuclear disarmament proceeds and that the two Koreas’ once again enjoy peace and friendly relations.

A topic here lately though that has many of us wondering about our military preparedness and the psychology of military training is the new ‘contract’ that the Army entered into with the ‘PepperBall’ company to produce “VKS Launchers”. Seems the Army is committing about $600,000.00 to arm soldiers in the battlefield with ‘Paintball guns’. This, however, is not your ordinary ‘paintball gun’, it is a “Spicy” non-lethal ‘Hot Sauce’ weapon!! Yep that’s right, “Hot Sauce Bullet Balls” are its’ ammunition, with the intent to “launch a projectile to irritate and deter aggressors”. According to an article in the Military Times by Todd Smith: “The Variable Kinetic System (VKS) Launcher made by PepperBall Technologies was purchased for troops in Afghanistan, according to a company release. The weapon has the same controls and ergonomics of the M4/M16 weapons system, so muscle memory training is the same for soldiers who carry those weapons, which is practically everyone in the Army. The launcher has a dual feed system, so a shooter can switch the selector knob between “hopper mode” and “magazine mode” to increase ammunition capacity. The hopper holds up to 180 rounds and has the same design as a common paintball gun, with a large basin holding the projectiles. The magazine can hold 10 to 15 rounds more for compact carry.” The projectiles are effective to 50 yards, which can provide a short-range standoff for soldiers in riot control situations. These specific ‘PepperBalls’ fire an irritant that bursts upon impact and leaves a very ‘debilitating hot pepper cloud’ that effects the eyes, nose and the respiratory system. So this sounds as if it could also be effective for our Law Enforcement personnel when it comes to diffusing out-of-control crowds. We almost all did agree that this really is a practical weapon.

“I love those who can smile in trouble, who can gather strength from distress, and grow brave by reflection. ‘Tis the business of little minds to shrink, but they whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves their conduct, will pursue their principals unto death.” Leonardo da Vinci

WHEN DID OUR MILITARY BEGIN

June 10, 2018 Veterans Corner by Ronald Verini

A couple of young boys came up to me as I was getting the ‘Color Guard’ ready to lead off the ‘Global Village’ celebration last week, and asked me a couple of questions that I did not have enough time to answer adequately. As time allowed, I addressed their questions and then mentioned that after the opening parade is finished they should come back and we will discuss their inquiries in more detail. Well, as is normal during a function for kids like the Global Village, they did not show up again. So hopefully guys, maybe you or your parents will read this column, because I really appreciated your questions and your interest.

Here are the main questions they brought up; when and why was our military started, and doesn’t our President have to have military service? (as you can now tell questions that need a little time to answer).

Well guys, when the early settlers of this country arrived here, and that was about 400 years ago, the people that were already living here (the Indian, Native American people) did not take too kindly to these new folks coming here, taking their land and setting up homes and businesses. So the men of the early colonies formed groups to ‘defend’ their families and towns, and those groups were called ‘Militia’. These local militias were active up to the time that we fought for our ‘Independence”, as a ‘people and a country’, and that was starting around the mid 1700’s. That is when George Washington (who became our first President) began an effort to organize all the ‘Militias’ into an Army like the British Army that was sent over here to engage us in combat. So groups called the ‘Minute-men’ were formally organized to be ready at a moments notice to go anywhere in the area and defend the people and towns (they also were called the “Patriots”). Anyway that is why the Continental Congress in 1775 established the Continental Army, Continental Navy and Continental Marines, and named George Washington its commander, and all of these together was called the ‘Military’. Then the ‘new Constitution’ in 1789 made the President of the United States to be the overall Military Commander in Chief. ( also guys of note, to be President you do not have to have had any military service, even tough you will be in charge of all the military!!) So the ‘Chain of Command’ goes like this; President, Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. State Governors have control of their own Army and Air National Guard Units, but the President has the ability to ‘federalize’ those units and bring them under the control of the Department of Defense. That is kind of short and brief but gives you the basic steps that happened in forming the military we now know.

As to our Presidents and their military service. Well as I mentioned, the President does not have to have served in the military, but of our first 5 Presidents only one did not serve in the militia or military and that was our 2nd President John Adams, but, he was Chairman of the Continental Congress’s Board of War, (which would be equivalent to being the Secretary of Defense). President Trump is our 45th President, and out of 45 President’s there were only 12 that did not have any military service. The other 11 are; 6th President John Quincy Adams, 8th Martin Van Buren, 22nd Grover Cleveland, 28th Woodrow Wilson, 29th Warren G. Harding, 30th Calvin Coolidge, 31st Herbert Hoover, 32nd Franklin D. Roosevelt, 42nd Bill Clinton, 44th Barack Obama, 45th Donald Trump.

“Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future”. Pres. John F. Kennedy